History and Culture Courses

Series 100: Foundation courses
Series 200: US
Series 300: Britain/Ireland
Series 400: Europe
Series 500: Global
Series 600: History of Science/Medicine
Series 700: Thematic courses
Series 800: Open
Series 900: Tutorial/Thesis

Admission to all courses requires the permission and signature of the instructor.

HC 100: Foundation Seminar
A basic survey of the history, methods, theory, and philosophy of historiography. Students will be introduced to diverse approaches to historical research and writing, and they will learn how to assimilate and criticize bodies of scholarly literature. Required for all students in the History and Culture program. Offered first semester annually.

HC 1XX: Archives: History and Methods
A study of the theory and practice of archival management, arranging, describing, evaluating, and using primary source documents in the collections of the United Methodist Archives and History Center. Focuses on the place of archives in the history of institutions along with such issues as preservation and description.

HC 1XX: Interdisciplinary Seminar
This seminar, team-taught by instructors from two different departments, will investigate a common theme from two disciplinary perspectives, comparing and synthesizing the methods used and the questions asked. Topics vary with instructor expertise. Required for all doctoral students in the History and Culture program, but open to other students as well. Offered in alternate years.

HC 1XX: Seminar in Experimental History
This "history laboratory" will explore innovative approaches to historiography, usually drawn from the instructor’s own research. Topics vary with instructor expertise.

HC 2XX: Democracy in America
An examination of American democracy beginning with an extended reading of Alexis de Tocqueville’s classic study. Using his analysis as a starting point, students will proceed to consider the development of democracy since Tocqueville’s time, the various definitions of democracy that have emerged since then, and the present-day challenges democracy faces. Readings by Tocqueville, Dewey, Zakaria, Wolin, Elshtain, Dahl, and others.

HC 2XX: American Intellectual History
An exploration of the intellectual currents and practices that have shaped America from the colonial period to the present day. Although emphases will vary from semester to semester, the seminar will mix readings from recognized intellectuals with those of lesser-known figures whose writings provide insight into the intellectual worlds of "ordinary" and marginalized peoples. The seminar aims to provide students with a firm grasp of the forms of intellectual discourse in American history, and the ways in which these discourses have shaped political, social, and cultural outcomes. Typical topics include the Puritan covenant, race theory, manifest destiny, Transcendentalism, domestic ideology, the rise of the natural sciences, evolution, higher education, and pragmatism.

HC 2XX: Eyes on America: Foreign Observations of the American Scene
America has fascinated writers from other lands since before its European settlement. And Americans are often fascinated and sometimes indignant at the "image in the mirror" these foreign observations offer. This seminar explores the long literature by foreign writers on America and its people beginning with the narratives of early explorers and ending with contemporary commentary on American life and institutions. Students will examine the language, themes, and preconceptions that guide these narratives, along with their American responses.

HC 2XX: The West in Myth and History
The West had long been a mythic abode, where the realities of exploration, settlement, resource exploitation, federal control, and commercial development often clash with the image of the West as depicted in popular culture. This seminar explores the roots of the myth and its impact on political, social, and cultural outcomes, as well as the historical realities that have shaped the region. Course materials include both texts and film.

HC 2XX: African-American Social and Intellectual History
A study of the intellectual arguments and social institutions that have empowered African-American leaders and the masses to assert and maintain their humanity within a world of oppression. Focuses on how gender, race, and class have created diverse ideas and opinions among African-Americans and the methods used by African-American intellectuals to analyze these ideas and opinions.

HC 2XX: Major Problems in the History of American Society: Making Class, Race, and Gender
What are the origins of inequality in American history? What is the relationship between ideological, political, social, and economic developments? This graduate seminar explores these fundamental questions, focusing on a number of major problems for inquiry and debate in the history of nineteenth and twentieth century American society, with particular attention to how class, race, and gender have structured access to power and resources. Readings and discussions will expose students to important developments in the historiography and methodology of American history.

HC 2XX: The United States and the World
This course will explore US foreign relations during the twentieth century. We will attempt to explain what has historically motivated the architects of US foreign policy and how US leaders have changed within a changing international context. The course will also examine US interaction with the world beyond the realm of traditional policy makers: we will explore the role of state as well non-state actors, private corporations, NGOs, missionaries, and the internationalization/impact of ideas through the writings of scholars, policymakers, and activists as well as historical documents.

HC 2XX: Topics in American History
Topics vary with instructor expertise.

HC 3XX: Shakespeare
This course studies six major plays and the controversies surrounding them: The Taming of the Shrew (gender and marriage), The Merchant of Venice (anti-Semitism), Henry V (war, imperialism, monarchy), Twelfth Night (sexuality/crossdressing), Othello (racism), and The Tempest (post-colonialism). The readings will also include critical and historical studies.

HC 3XX: A Disunited Kingdom: England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales c. 1800-2000
When and why did the United Kingdom come into being? What were the steps which led to its conception? Was the creation of the United Kingdom a symptom of national coherence or of disunity between the countries that made up the Union after 1801? Did a new national identity come into being as a consequence, or did old allegiances and loyalties become more deeply embedded? Who were the beneficiaries of the Union? Was the United Kingdom ever really united? Is the eventual breakup of the reconstituted United Kingdom inevitable? These and other questions will be addressed in this course, which examines the interaction between the component parts of the United Kingdom between 1800 and 2000. A number of key topics will be explored through readings in literature and contemporary social observation, including the steps to political union, the role of economic change, religion and education, poverty and social welfare, the rise of political radicalism, and the changing face of national identity.

HC 3XX: Modern British and Imperial History
The world as we know it today was shaped very largely by Great Britain and its Empire. This course surveys the political, social, economic history of modern Britain and its relationship to the larger world. It will cover the rise and fall of British power, industrial society, popular culture, "Victorianism", social reform, "the English national character", the First and Second World Wars, the "Swinging Sixties," and the Thatcher Revolution.

HC 3XX: Victorians and Moderns: British Intellectual and Cultural History
This survey of British thought in the nineteenth and twentieth century deals with the creators and critics of Victorian and modernist thought. It addresses such issues as responses to industrialism, liberalism, imperialism, socialism, aestheticism, education, the definition of "culture," feminism, the class system, the world wars, modernist culture, sexuality, and the theater of ideas. The reading list will include Mill, Arnold, Ruskin, Morris, the Fabian Socialists, the Bloomsbury Group, George Orwell, the "Angry Young Men," and Tom Stoppard.

HC 3XX: Memory and Commemoration in Irish History
In Ireland, history, memory and commemoration have traditionally played a significant role in shaping contemporary political developments. But they have frequently been divisive, with popular (and even academic) memories of the past being constructed in such a way as to serve current ideological ends. Following an introduction to the key issues in Irish history, the course will focus on a number of major historical events, including the founding of the Orange Order in 1795, the republican uprising in 1798, the Great Hunger of 1845-50, and the Easter Uprising in 1916. These events will be explored in the context of how memory and commemoration have been utilized by different religious and political traditions. The involvement of the Irish diaspora in this process, particularly in the United States and Britain, will also be explored. The course will examine traditional and nontraditional sources such as songs, wall murals, and films. Where appropriate, the Irish experience will be compared with other historical commemorations.

HC 3XX: Visual Representations in Irish History
Visual representations of Ireland have had a significant role in shaping views of the Irish in both positive and negative ways. They have also been divisive, with popular images and caricatures being used to serve particular ideological or social ends. Yet visual images have often been underused as a research tool by historians. This course will focus on a number of key events in Irish history, including the history of the Orange Order, the 1798 Uprising, the Great Hunger, Irish Emigration, the Easter Rising, and "the Troubles". Each topic will be explored by examining contemporary images, and by assessing how these representations have been utilized over time by different religious and political traditions. The representations of the Irish diapsora, in Britain and in the United States, will also be explored. Students will be encouraged to make use of non-traditional sources such as cartoons, photographs, statues, wall murals, postage stamps, flags, maps, films, and coins. Where appropriate, the Irish experience will be compared with representations of other marginalized and impoverished groups.

HC 3XX: Women in Irish History: Poets, Patriots, Pirates, and Presidents
From St. Brigid in the fifth century to President Mary MacAleese in the twenty-first century, women have played pivotal roles in the development of Ireland. Moreover, the large number of emigrant Irish women in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries made their influence felt throughout the world. The remarkable contribution of women to the struggle for Ireland’s independence was recognized in the 1916 Proclamation, though the 1937 Constitution sought to reassert the primary role of women as wives and mothers. This course will examine and evaluate the contributions of women modern Ireland and ask why their involvement was ignored for so long by Irish historians. It will also assess the role of key figures in the making of Irish history, and will explore the place of women in Ireland today.

HC 3XX: Northern Ireland: The Rocky Road to Peace
Following its inception in May 1921, politics within the Northern Ireland state was dominated by sectarianism and religious conflict. In order to maintain Protestant hegemony, the civil rights of the minority Catholic population were eroded, both overtly and covertly. Tensions came to a head in the 1960s, but his course will demonstrate how the seeds of violence were sown much earlier. Key events of the conflict – such as Bloody Sunday, internment, the murder of Lord Mountbatten, the hunger strikes, the Enniskillen and Omagh bombings, and the steps to the Peace Process – will be examined. There will be a special focus on various government enquiries and on accusations of police collusion that have accompanied these investigations. The course will make extensive use of primary evidence.

HC 3XX: Topics in British and Irish History
Topics vary with instructor expertise.

HC 4XX: The Renaissance Mind
This course attempts to build up, through readings in the creative writings of the period, a cumulative theory of the Renaissance. Writers covered include Poggio Bracciolini, Pico della Mirandola, Baldassare Castiglione, Niccolo Machiavelli, Thomas More, Francois Rabelais, Francis Bacon, Michel de Montaigne, Thomas Wyatt, Philip Sidney, William Shakespeare, John Donne, Christopher Marlowe, and John Webster.

HC 4XX: Abolition and Anti-Slavery in Europe, with special reference to Britain, France and Ireland c. 1789-1865
In the late nineteenth century, opposition to slavery was spreading in Europe, mostly due to the involvement of dissenters and radicals. French revolutionaries banned slavery within the French Empire after 1789, a decision reversed by Napoleon and then restored in 1848. The British parliament banned the slave trade in 1807 and slavery in 1833: both acts were supported by Irish MPs. After 1833, opponents of slavery in Europe (notably the Irish Catholic Daniel O’Connell) increasingly turned their attention to Abolition in America. This course examines anti-slavery agitation in Europe and its connections with American Abolition.

HC 4XX: The Tower and the Abyss: Nineteenth-Century European Intellectual and Cultural History
This course examines the major thinkers and analytic paradigms of the nineteenth century. It studies exemplary works of fiction, exploring the relationship between literature, philosophy, and social theory. A major theme is the cultural and political impact of the perceiveddecline, absence, or death of God, and the ways that ideology,history, science, and art came to occupy the space "vacated" byreligion. We will read texts by or about the Romantics, Kant, Hegel, Marx, Mill, Kierkegaard, Flaubert, Dostoevsky, George Eliot, and Nietzsche, among others.

HC 4XX: Progress, Power, and Catastrophe: Twentieth-Century European Intellectual and Cultural History
This course explores the rich intellectual life of the twentieth century, focusing on how key thinkers both contributed and responded to the enormous dislocations of European modernity. The class takes upthe radical challenges to the Enlightenment heritage; the promise and perils of politics as a means of redemption; the search for ethical commitment and moral order in the absence of absolutes; the critique of power as it operates in knowledge, institutions, and technology; and different visions of liberation. Individual units are devoted to psychoanalysis, western Marxism, existentialism, feminism, and post-structuralism; featured thinkers include Freud, Adorno, Horkheimer, Camus, Sartre, de Beauvoir, Marcuse, Foucault, Baudrillard, and Zizek, among others.

HC 4XX: Topics in European History
Topics vary with instructor expertise.

HC 5XX: Modern Jewish Intellectual History 1650-1950
This course will explore the impact on Jewish thought and religion of modernity, beginning with the radical critique of religion by Baruch Spinoza. The course analyzes the Haskalah, or Hebrew Enlightenment, from its inception by Moses Mendelssohn in late eighteenth century to the emergence of the Reform movement, as well as its various permutations in Eastern European Jewish thought, through to the emergence of Zionism. It will conclude with an overview of the post-Holocaust denominations of American Judaism with a particular focus on the theology of Mordechai Kaplan, the founder of Reconstructionist Judaism.

HC 5XX: The Age of Revolutions, c. 1688 to 1917
This course examines the revolutionary continuum that swept the world in the long eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It begins with Britain’s "Glorious Revolution" of 1688, examines America’s War of Independence (or was it a "Revolution"?), and continues through the global revolutionary year of 1848 and beyond. Throughout the course, the various revolutions examined will be placed in their wider social, cultural, scientific, and ideological contexts.

HC 5XX: 1848: The Springtime of the Peoples?
1848 marked a watershed in nineteenth-century European political history, despite the fact that many of the uprisings associated with this year were quickly put down. The repercussions of this short-lived revolutionary activity were felt as far away as Australia, Cape Town (South Africa) and in North and South America. This course examines the impact of the 1848 revolutions, placing these political upheavals in the context of other cultural, technological and ideological changes that were taking place, both in Europe and elsewhere.

HC 5XX: The Empire Strikes Back: The Struggles for Independence from the British Empire, with special reference to China, India, and Ireland
In 1921 the British Empire was the largest empire in history, including one-quarter of the world's population. Yet, starting with the loss of the American colonies in the eighteenth century, the history of the British Empire was also a history of multiple struggles to achieve independence by the colonised territories. But independence was often slow to come, and the outcome was sometimes partial and piecemeal, creating fresh problems for the new governments. With special attention to China, India, and Ireland, this course will examine the struggles to win independence from Britain. It will ask why limited Home Rule was granted in some British territories but not in others during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, what steps were taken by the native populations to achieve political independence, how the British state responded to these challenges, what was the longer-term legacy of the British Empire, and what lessons can be drawn by imperial powers in the twenty-first century.

HC 5XX: Here, There, and Everywhere: The 1960s as Global History
This class, organized around the tumultuous year 1968, looks at the 1960s in international perspective, exploring the connections between events, social movements, key figures, and forms of cultural expression in disparate regions. It focuses on the dramatic challenges to entrenched forms of political, economic, and military power, as well as to hierarchies of race, gender, and class. It explores the meaning of the 1960s as "living history," both by considering representations of the era within popular memory and by employing some of the experimental pedagogy of the 1960s. Key texts include works of history, memoirs, social theory, and literature, as well as films and popular music. Units will cover events in the United States, Europe, and Latin America; the international "language of dissent"; global countercultures; transformations of everyday life; and the question of legacies.

HC 5XX: Topics in Global History
Topics vary with instructor expertise.

HC 6XX: Experts, Intellectuals, and Scientists: History and the Sociology of Knowledge
Conceptions of the role of the expert, the intellectual, and especially the scientist have shifted dramatically over the course of the twentieth century, resulting in radical changes in the image and authority of each. Starting with foundational texts in the history of the sociology of knowledge, this course seeks to treat "science" as a particular case study in the broader history of intellectual expertise. From early gentlemen’s agreements at the Royal Society to the all-out science wars of the 1990s, and from large macroscale concerns that attempted to relate science to democracy and Marxism (both of which treated science as a distinctive and objective form of knowledge) to later provocative microscale studies that challenged received notions of "truth", "fact" and "scientist" altogether, we will incorporate perspectives from classical sociology, anthropology, epistemology, and literary theory, along with critiques from gender studies and science studies, in an attempt to better understand the voice of scientific expertise and the role of scientific intellectuals in society today.

HC 6XX: Secrets of Life: The History of Genetics in the Twentieth Century This course surveys the history of genetics—one of the paradigmatic life sciences of the twentieth century—from experimental plant and animal breeding at the dawn of the twentieth century to the completion of the Human Genome Project by the century's end. We will follow a series of famous geneticists in their quest to understand and ultimately to control the hereditary substance, from the first coining of the word "gene" in 1909 to present-day attempts to manufacture life in the test tube. From the invention of hybrid corn and other new synthetic species during the emergence of classical genetics, to the discovery of the structure of DNA, the cracking of the genetic code, and the rise of biotechnology, geneticists have sought to use their knowledge to find solutions to humanity's many ills. They have also—sometimes deliberately, sometimes inadvertently—promoted the social application of genetical principles in a field often described as "eugenics." Science, technology, society, and politics—these are all part of the history of genetics in the twentieth century.

HC 6XX: Knowledge in Motion: Local Science, World Contexts
This course surveys the history of science from the dawn of agriculture to the present day, seeking to move beyond classic accounts of "the West and the rest" to examine the history of science in the global context—and in the process, to challenge our very notions of science itself. Topics to be explored include the history of ancient, Arabic, and medieval European science and mathematics; the "Scientific Revolution" and the new uses of mixed mathematics in astronomy and natural philosophy; and the integration of biological and other field sciences with larger colonialist and nationalist projects. We will broaden our understanding of the contributions of various world cultures to the history of science, and explore the ways in which particular local cultural realities make certain kinds of scientific developments possible. We will pay particular attention to places and practices of knowledge (school, laboratory, field, museum, journal); the relations of science/mathematics and religion, and science/mathematics and society; and the emergence of the moral and epistemic authority of science. The history of science and mathematics is a story of global interactions over the centuries, all the way up to the atomic bomb, genomics, and climate change.

HC 6XX: Gender, Sexuality, and Medicine in Modern Europe
Medicine has played a crucial role in the way we understand and experience gender and sexuality in the modern era. Recent years have seen the emergence of a growing body of historical literature that addresses these issues, concentrating on such themes as attempts to control sexual behavior, ideas of femininity and masculinity in clinical diagnoses, the "invention" of homosexuality, and the impact of gender on the production of medical knowledge. In this seminar we will explore some of these themes by examining several distinct settings in which modern medicine has helped shape and been shaped by ideas about gender and sexuality.

HC 6XX: History of the Body
From eugenics to bodybuilding, tattooing to anorexia, cosmetic surgery to reproductive technology: in modern times the body has been the site of the most personal and the most political battles. Various experts and historical actors have sought to understand, discipline, and shape it to conform to a variety of agendas. Rather than remaining unchanged over time, the human body (and our experience of it) has evolved in response to such pressures. This seminar explores major themes in the history of the body in the modern Western world. We will probe the myth of the ideal body and explore historical attempts to construct a "normal" body. We will examine a wide range of practices through which individuals have attempted to shape their identities through the reshaping of their bodies. Finally, we will explore the medicalization of the body and the role of science as an authoritative discourse in this process.

HC 6XX: Topics in the History of Science
Topics vary with instructor expertise.

HC 7XX: The Classical Tradition in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Major landmarks in the history of ideas, both American and European, historical and literary, engaged with the past of Greece and Rome. How did major thinkers, and even the most radically innovative movements, use and change that tradition in order to move forward? Topics covered include the Renaissance, the American founders, the French Revolution, the modern humanistic university, Romantic philhellenism, Matthew Arnold, Friedrich Nietzsche, James Frazer, Modernism, James Joyce, Leo Strauss, and current issues. No prior knowledge of classical antiquity is required.

HC 7XX: Utopias and Utopian Thought
Since ancient times the perceived ills of the world as it is—in short, of history—have led people to imagine a perfect world. Utopian dreams can take the form of fiction (hopeful, satirical, or dystopian), religious movements, revolutionary programs, alternative communities, or symbolic enactments seen in festivals and World’s Fairs. Can we radically change the conditions of human nature and society in the real world? Topics include Plato’s Republic,the Bible, More’s Utopia,the French Revolution, utopian socialists and Marx, Edward Bellamy and William Morri, We and twentieth-century dystopias, theorists, the World Wide Web, and the future of utopia.

HC 7XX: The History of the Book
A global survey of the social, economic, and political history of print, and its use as a medium to disseminate ideas. Topics include the history of printing, literacy, publishing, reading, censorship, intellectual property, the profession of letters, academic literary studies, canon formation, lexicography, libraries, and journalism.

INTRG 900: Internship
This course allows students to supplement their academic knowledge with hands-on experience through work in their field of study. Students will be monitored by an adviser and complete a project relating to their internship. It is advised that students begin internships soon after arriving at Drew to obtain the maximum benefit. Successful completion of 3 credits of internship allows the student to receive Internship Certification, which is placed on the student's official transcript. This course can be repeated with a new project.

HC 900: Tutorial
The student conducts an independent course of study under the supervision of an instructor. This course can be repeated with a new project.

HC 9XX: Research Tutorial
The student researches and writes a publishable scholarly paper under the supervision of an instructor. The finished paper will be the student’s MA thesis. This course is required for all students in the History and Culture program, and will normally be taken in the third semester of coursework.

HC 998: Dissertation Research

Crosslisted Theological School Courses

CHIST 250: America: One Nation, One God?
This class focuses on major religious movements, personalities, and topics in the United States. It foregrounds the study of American Christian traditions, due to their historical influence, yet also gives some attention to non-Christian religions as well.

CHIST 255: God, Sex, and the Making of American Families
This course examines how religious ideas and practices - particularly forms of Christianity - have influenced both private and public understandings of sex and family life in the United States.

CHIST 268: Race and American Christianity
An intensive consideration of the power of race in American Christian cultures, with an emphasis on recent critical theories of race.

CHIST 269: History of Missions from the Reform Era to the Twentieth Century
Beginning with the emergence of mission energy within Roman Catholic religious societies in the sixteenth century, this course will follow the spread of Christianity from Europe and then England and North America, finishing with the twentieth-century mission impulse from the "missionized" Christian world.

CHIST 279: Revivalism and American Christianity
This course will explore the ways in which scholars have understood the religious phenomenon known as "revival." Using both primary and secondary sources and moving from the early eighteenth century to the twentieth, we will investigate this topic as a historiographical problem and look for new ways to talk about the elements of religious experience that have conventionally been marked as the framework for revivals.

CHIST 282: Is God On Our Side? Religion and U.S. Politics
A study of the influences of religion, particularly Christian traditions, on political developments in the U.S from the early national period up to the present.

CHIST 295: American Jesus
A study of how Jesus has been represented in literature, art, film, and other popular media in the United States, with special attention to what cultural contests over images of Jesus reveal about continuity and change in American history.

Crosslisted Undergraduate Courses

ANTH 102: Ethnographic Research Methods
A graduated course offering an introduction to qualitative work in cultural anthropology-participant-observation, ethnographic interviewing, and the roles of surveys and questionnaires. Writing a research proposal and conducting in-situ work on the Drew campus form the core of assignments. Offered spring semester.

ANTH 131: Gender and Culture
A study of the construction of gender across cultures. The course considers how culture influences and shapes gender roles in varying human domains, such as religion, creative traditions, work, scholarship and research, and popular culture. Offering to be determined.

ENG 125: Approaches Biographical: Bishop and Lowell
Focusing on Elizabeth Bishop and Robert Lowell—two mid-twentieth-century American poets—we will look at literary texts in relation to autobiographical prose, letters, manuscript drafts,and writers' notebooks. We will use these materials to think methodologically about the ways in which biographical materials can alter interpretation of literary texts, generate new questions for research, and contribute to writing literary history. We will attend especially to the ways that a mentor/protege relationship (between Marianne Moore and Bishop) and a friendship (between Lowell and Bishop), as revealed incorrespondence, shaped the invention of new poetics. Students willpracticewriting about literature by drawingon letters, diaries, or other primary sources.

GERM 130: German Literature in English
A study of a topic related to German literature. Topics vary but include The Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm, The Faust Tradition, Humor in German Literature, and German-Jewish Literature and Culture. Readings and discussions in English. Offering to be determined.

GERM 134: German Film in English
An examination of a theme or period in German cinema. Topics vary but include Film of the Weimar Era, World War II through the Lens of Film, and New German Cinema. Readings and discussions in English. Offering to be determined.

GERM 138: German Studies in English
The study of German culture as it relates to disciplines such as history, political science, philosophy, music, art history, and media studies. Topics vary. Readings and discussions in English.Offering to be determined.

MUS 101: Music of the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque Eras
An overview of Western art music from ancient Greece to the music of Bach and Handel. We will study a core repertoire of music in its historical contexts and explore debates of what these pieces may have sounded like when they were first performed. Students will also learn about the field of music history and the tools available for music research at Drew. At least one class trip to a performance of music before 1750 will be required. Fall semester in alternate years.

MUS 103: Music of the Classic and Romantic Eras
An in-depth study of Western art music from the Enlightenment to Late Romanticism. We will study representative works in historical contexts ranging from the emergence of modern concert life in the mid-1700s to nineteenth-century Romanticism, nationalism, and exoticism. Students will apply the knowledge gained from coursework to the understanding of recent musicological scholarship. At least one class trip to a performance of music studied in class will be required. Spring semester in alternate years.

MUS 111: Music of the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
An exploration of the revolutionary changes in music composition, performance, and reception since 1900. Topics include the challenges of modernism and modernity, political upheaval, technological innovation, globalization, and the rising importance of popular music and jazz. Emphasis on learning effective communication of opinions about challenging musical repertoire through written assignments and oral presentations. At least one class trip to a performance of music studied in class will be required.

MUS 141: Topics in Music History
An in-depth study of a topic, viewpoint, or methodology in music history. Topic will vary according to faculty expertise and student interest. May be repeated as topic changes.

PHIL 113: Analytic Philosophy
A seminar on influential work of twentieth-century philosophers who developed and practiced methods of analysis. Discussions center on problems in the philosophy of language and on problems of epistemology concerning the grounds for our knowledge of the external world, of the past, and of ourselves and others. Readings are drawn from the works of Russell, Moore, Ayer, Ryle, Strawson, and Quine. Offered fall semester in even-numbered years.

PHIL 114: Existentialism
A study of the classics of, and major influences upon, existentialist thought. Authors emphasized are Kierkegaard, Heidegger, Camus, and Sartre. Some attention is given to Husserl's phenomenology and its influence outside philosophy proper. Offered spring semester in odd-numbered years.

PHIL 117: History of Ninteenth-Century Philosophy
A study of post-Kantian Continental philosophical systems from Hegel through Nietzsche. Other major figures studied are Fichte, Schopenhauer, Feuerbach, and Marx. Offered alternate years.

PHIL 153: Seminar in the History of Philosophy
A seminar centered on the study of a major historical figure, such as Plato, Aristotle, or Kant, or an influential movement, such as pragmatism, logical positivism, or process philosophy. Topic determined each year. May be repeated for credit as topic changes. Offered annually.

PSCI 197: Education Policy and Politics
This course offers an in-depth look at the political dynamics and policy challenges involved in American education reform. Our country has devoted tremendous attention, effort, and resources to reforming and improving public elementary and secondary schools, particularly since the publication of A Nation at Risk in 1983. Education has emerged as a major issue in American politics, but our citizens and policymakers remain deeply divided about what children should learn and how, and about the best way to organize and govern schools. These areas of contention were especially visible in the debates over the recent federal education legislation, the No Child Left Behind Act, and continue to surface over the implementation of the new law.

PSCI 198: Race, Politics, and Public Policy
Many of the most enduring social divisions, political conflicts, and pubic policy debates in the United States revolve around the issue of race. This course will examine the role of race in American politics and its contemporary significance to the nation’s citizens, politicians, and governmental institutions. It will focus on the experiences and activities of African-Americans and Latinos—America’s two largest minority groups—but will also explore the experiences of Asian-Americans and Native Americans in the political realm.

REL 146: Ethics of Just War
A study of moral and religious thinking about war. The course explores topics such as the Western religious tradition (Jewish, Christian, Islamic) on warfare, moral realism in war, the laws of war, war crimes, guerilla warfare, terrorism, nuclear weapons strategy, spying, and sabotage. The course will trace the trajectory of moral thinking on war in the twentieth century using the historical and case-based methods of approach.

SOC 110: Sociology of Mass Communications
An overview of how the mass media and American cultural, political, and economic institutions mutually affect each other. Systems of mass communication examined include books, the Internet, magazines, movies, newspapers, and television. Two topics to be emphasized are: 1) the production, control, and consumption of various forms of information in the mass media; 2) comparative analyses of the uses of mass media in different countries. Offered fall semester.

SOC 115: Political Sociology
A presentation of the main themes and the dominant theoretical perspectives involved in the study of political processes and political institutions. Topics include politics, elections, nation building, national elites and public policy making, parties, and social movements. Offered spring semester.

SOC 125: Classical Sociological Theory
An examination of classical sociological theory, including the works of such theorists as Addams, DuBois, Durkheim, Martineau, Marx, Simmel, and Weber. Objectives include (1) assessment of how social and intellectual forces influenced the development of these theories; (2) examination of the construction and testing of specific theories; and (3) demonstration of how classical theory has contributed to the development of contemporary sociological theory. Offered fall semester.

SOC 131: Critical Race Theory
Race has been identified as a central organizing feature of modern and postmodern society. This seminar uses the tenets of Critical Race Theory (CRT) to describe the explicit and implicit role of race in the social, political, and economic organization of the United States. Students will explore the ideas as well as the methods associated with Critical Race Theory, engaging with a number of theorists (from legal studies, history, philosophy, political science, and sociology) on the changing meanings of race, racism, and racial justice.

WMST 111/710: History of Feminist Thought
An interdisciplinary course that explores the development of feminist theories principally inthe U.S. and Europe from Mary Wollstonecraft through "the Second Wave." The course will examine the work of such theorists as Wollstonecraft, John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Anna Julia Cooper, Emma Goldman, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Mary Church Terrell, Simone de Beauvoir, Betty Freidan, as well as feminism’s evolving conversations with liberalism, Marxism, and psychoanalysis and its dialogues with the anti- slavery/civil rights movements and the gay/lesbian rights movements. Signature required for registration. Offered alternate years in the fall semester.

WMST 112/711: Contemporary Feminist Theory and Methodology
An interdisciplinary course focused on contemporary feminist theory. The objectives of the course are: first, to explore the broad rangeof theories which make up the body of contemporary scholarship referred to as "feminist theory";second, to examine feminist critiques and innovations in methodologies in many fields; and third,to consider some of the fundamental questions these theories raise about the origins of genderdifference, the nature and origins of patriarchy, the intersections between gender, race, class,sexuality and nationality as categories of analysis and bases of oppression or empowerment. Signature required for registration. Offered alternate years in the fall semester.

The History and Culture program also crosslists appropriate courses from the Arts and Letters, Medical Humanities, and Master of Arts in Teaching programs. To find out which courses are crosslisted in a given semester, consult the Caspersen School course lists posted on the Registrar’s web page.